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 Bali
history has become quite unique and distinctive since it
is fully supported by its society 's attitude which pays special
heed toward their ancestral archeological remains /items.
The belief in ancestors makes their awareness of history so
great in Bali. Hindu influences from java grew from the reign
of King Airlangga (1019-42) the rock cut memorials of Gunung
kawi are a legacy of 11th century links to java. Based on the
information found on an 8th century AD inscription, it could
be said that the Ancient Balinese historical period covered
the time between the 8th and the 14th century AD when the Majapahit's
Gajah Mada expedition invaded and defeated Bali. Gajah Mada's
expedition to Bali was done when the Bedahulu kingdom under
King Astasura Ratna Bumi Banten and Patih Kebo Iwo governed
Bali. Majapahit appointed Sri Kresna Kepakisan to lead the government
in Bali under the consideration of the existence of a blood
relation between he and the people of Bali Aga.
As Islam spread in Java the Majapahit Court progressively moved
to Bali. Making its final exodus with priests, artists and intellectuals,
in 1478
Dutch's Colonization Period
When Buleleng fell down into the Dutch's hands, the Dutch government
began to intervene in the management of government in Bali.
This was done by changing the name of the king as regional head
to regent for Buleleng and Jembrana areas and placing P.L. Van
Bloemen Waanders as the first controleur in Bali. Ducth invation
of the south , which climaxed in a suicidal puputan, the Denpasar
nobility burnt their own places, dressed in their finest jewellery
and waving the golden krises, marched straight into the Dutch
guns. The king of Tabanan, Karangasem, Gianyar and Klungkung
soon capitulated too and Bali becomes part of the Dutch East
Indies.
After going through several battles, the Japanese army
landed on Sanur Beach on 18 and 19 February 1942. The Japanese
army entered Denpasar without encountering any resistance whatsoever.
Then, from Denpasar Japan controlled Bali entirely. At first,
the party that established Japanese power in Bali was the Japanese
Army (Rikugun). Later, when the situation was in a stable time,
the power of government was handed over to a civilian government.
After Japanese defeat, the Dutch tried to regain control of
their former colonies. On 20 November 1946, by starting the
violence at dawn, the Dutch force began to encircle Marga Village.
In the war, many members of the Dutch advanced force were killed.
In the serious battle which involved all members of Ngurah Rai
force, were determined not to leave the war until the last drop
of blood. It was here that Ngurah Rai force held Puputan so
that all 96 members of the force were killed, including Rai
himself. On the other hand, about 400 members of the Dutch force
were killed.
On August 17th, 1945, Indonesia was declared independent by
its first President, Soekarno. After four years of fighting
and strong criticism from international community, the Dutch
government finally gave in, and in 1949, Indonesia was recognized
as an independent country. |
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